All you ever needed to know about each muscle

A list which has been put together by Prof. Hans Peter Clamann over many years.

Explanation of abbreviations used:

1. FG = Fast, glycolytic - which is the same as FF = Fast, fatigable
2. FI = Fast, intermediate in fatigability
3. FOG = fast, oxidative glycolytic -which is the same as FR = Fast, fatigue resistant
4. SO = slow, oxidative, utilizing glycogen and fat for energy

List of muscles

• ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI: MAN
  • 51.8% type I (36.5-69.5) fibers, 48.2% II. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS: MAN
  • 63.0% type I (49-78) fibers, 37% II. (Johnson et al., 1973) 80 spindles; 29.3/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• ADDUCTOR BREVIS: CAT
  • 54% FG, 25% FOG, 21% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR BREVIS: GUINEA PIG
  • 59% FG, 33% FOG, 8% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR BREVIS: RAT
  • 43% FG, 53% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR BREVIS: SLOW LORIS
  • 22% FG, 6% FOG, 72% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR LONGUS: CAT
  • 51% FG, 11% FOG, 38% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR LONGUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 69% FG, 30% FOG, 1% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR LONGUS: RAT
  • 0% FG, 12% FOG, 88% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR LONGUS: SLOW LORIS
  • 10% FG, 3% FOG, 87% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR MAGNUS: CAT
  • 70% FG, 14% FOG, 16% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR MAGNUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 66% FG, 32% FOG, 2% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR MAGNUS: MAN
  • Surface: 53.5% type I (43-74), 46.5 II. Deep: 63.3% type I (45-78), 36.7% II. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR MAGNUS: RAT
  • 42% FG, 56% FOG, 2% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ADDUCTOR POLLICIS: MAN
  • 80.4% type I (70-92), 19.6% type II. (Johnson et al., 1973) Tw. Contraction time: 71 ms. Whole muscle. (Bellemare et al., 1983)
• ANCONEUS: CAT
  • 100% SO muscle fibers Contraction time, whole muscle: 78 ms, 1/2 relax. time, whole muscle: 84 ms Fatigue index, whole muscle: 0.87 (Collatos et al., 1977)
• BICEPS BRACHII: CAT
  • 59% FG fibers, 21% FOG fibers, 20% SO fibers Contraction time, whole muscle: 32 ms, 1/2 relax. time, whole muscle: 25 ms Fatigue index, whole muscle: 0.43 (Collatos et al., 1977)
• BICEPS BRACHII: MAN
  • Surface: 42.3% type I (34-53), 57.7% II. Deep: 50.5% type I (37-61), 49.5% II. (Johnson et al., 1973) Twitch contraction time: 66 ms. whole muscle. (Bellemare et al., 1983) 52.0+/-14.5 ms, small fiber bundles, long head. Needle in tendon measures tension. (Buchthal & Schmalbruch, 1970) 43% type A, 32% type B, 25% type C fibers in long head. Mitochondrial stain. (Buchthal & Schmalbruch , 1970) 320 spindles, 1.95/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• BICEPS FEMORIS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 53% FG, 36% FOG, 11% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• BICEPS FEMORIS: CAT
  • 74% FG, 14% FOG, 12% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• BICEPS FEMORIS: GUINEA PIG
  • 53% FG, 37% FOG, 10% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• BICEPS FEMORIS: MAN
  • 66.9% type I (54-80) fibers, 33.1% II. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• BICEPS FEMORIS: RAT
  • 49% FG, 47% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• BICEPS FEMORIS: SLOW LORIS
  • 67% FG, 7% FOG, 26% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• BICEPS POSTERIORIS: CAT
  • Motoneuron data: 8-12 stem dendrites/cell, 9.6 mean. 3.5-18.5 um stem dendrite diam., mean=9.0. 367-1731 um length to dend. term, mean 934. Mean length to most remote term. 1410 um. Combined length 6150. # terminal branches/dendrite, 5-28, 11.9 mean. Dendrite surface area, 36000 um^2, dendrite volume 24970 um^2. (Cameron et al., 1985)
• BRACHIALIS: CAT
  • 51% FG fibers, 24% FOG fibers, 25% SO fibers. Contraction time, whole muscle: 28 ms; 1/2 relax. time, whole muscle: 23 ms Fatigue index, whole muscle: 0.44 (Collatos et al., 1977)
• BRACHIORADIALIS: MAN
  • 39.8% type I (28-60) fibers, 60.2% II. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• CAUDOFEMORALIS: CAT
  • 91% FG, 9% FOG, 0% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• CAUDOFEMORALIS: GUINEA PIG
  • 73% FG, 21% FOG, 6% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• CAUDOFEMORALIS: RAT
  • 56% FG, 44% FOG, 0% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• CRICOTHYROID: RABBIT
  • 95% SO, 5% FOG fibers. 27 ms Tw.Contr.Time. (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Fibers deduced from enzyme %ages.)
• CRURALIS (CRUREUS?): CAT
  • 11% FG, 6% FOG, 83% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• DELTOID: MAN
  • Superficial: 53.3% type I (43-68), 46.7% II fibers. Deep: 61.0% type I (44-77), 39>0% II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• DIAPHRAGM: CAT
  • 54% SO, 14% FOG, 31% FG fibers (Sieck et al., 1983). 21% S, 4% FR, 28% Fint, 47% FF units, N=47. ContrTime: 69+/-18 S, 42+/-5 FR, 42+/-7 Fint, 34+/-3 S. Tw.Tens. (gm) 1.5+/-.4 S, 2.6+/-2.0 FR, 3.5+/-2.3 Fint, 3.3+/-1.9 FF. TetTens (gm) 3.9+/-1.2 S, 8.8 +/-6.0 FR, 13.4+/-7.2 Fint, 14.4+/-8.0 FF. (Fournier & Sieck, 1988) 39% SO, 16% FOG, 45% FG fibers, Tw. Contr. Time 39 ms. FOG, FG fiber diam. 55 um, SO 43 um. (Davies & Gunn, 1972; they list enzyme %ages, not SO,FOG,FG which I've deduced.) 50% SO, 37% FOG, 13% FG fibers (Riley & Berger, 1979). Motoneuron data: 8-14 stem dendrites/cell, mean 9.7. Stem dendrite diam. 1.5-19 um, mean about 7um. Combined diam. 58 um, length to termination 1236 (mean); length to most remote terminal 1484 um (mean), 1-21 branches/dendrite, mean 7.0;total surface area/dendrite 35,279 um^2. (Cameron et al., 1985)
• DIAPHRAGM: DOG
  • 36% SO, 64% FOG, 0% FG fibers. 65 ms Tw.Contr.Time (Davies & Gunn, 1972; fibers deduced from enzyme %ages)
• DIAPHRAGM: HORSE
  • 2% SO, 98% FOG, 0% FG fibers. (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Fibers deduced from enzyme %ages.)
• DIAPHRAGM: MOUSE
  • 100% SO fibers. (Davies & Gunn, 1972; deduced from enzyme %ages).
• DIAPHRAGM: OX
  • 18% SO, 82% FOG, 0% FG fibers. (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Fibers deduced from enzyme %ages)
• DIAPHRAGM: PIG
  • 44% SO, 21% FOG, 32% FG fibers (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Deduced from enzyme %ages).
• DIAPHRAGM: RABBIT
  • 43% SO, 21% FOG, 36% FG fibers; 32 ms. Tw.Contr.Time (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Fibers deduced from enzyme %ages given.
• DIAPHRAGM: RAT
  • 63% SO, 8% FOG, 27% FG fibers; 18 ms Tw.Contr.Time (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Fibers deduced from enzyme %ages given) 72% neurons in C4, motor pool from caudal C3 to C6. Mean MN diam 28.7 mu, distrib. unimodal; 204 motoneurons. 64 muscle fibers/mu. Phrenic nerve 71% motor, 29% sensory. Motor axon diam. distrib. trimodal, 1 gamma, 2 alpha. Muscle fiber types alpha, beta, alpha-beta, red, intermed., white. Identify 5 types in diaphragm, alphaR, AlphaI, alphaW, betaR, alpha/betaW. Red = 53.9-59.8%, intermed = 15.4-18.8%, W 23.1-28.4% of all fibers. Total # fibers in hemidiaphragm is 15,400. (Gottschall, 1981)
• DIAPHRAGM: SHEEP
  • 14% SO, 86% FOG, 0% FG fibers. (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Fibers deduced from enzyme %ages).
• ERECTOR SPINAE: MAN
  • Surface: 58.4% type I (27-100), 41.6% II fibers. Deep: 54.9% type I (34-89), 45.1% II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS: CAT
  • 56 spindles, 35 tendon organs. (Eldred et al., 1961) 90 alpha motor axons. (Boyd & Davey, 1966) 115 motor units, 56 spindles. (Boyd & Davey, 1968)
• EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS: MAN
  • 45.3% type I (32-74), 54.7% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 45% FG, 53% FOG, 2% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS: CAT
  • 55% FG, 31% FOG, 14% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973) 47.7% FF, 9.0% F(int), 37.3% FR, 6.0% S motor units (sample 67). Tet. tens: 31.8+/-13.6 (4.5-62.7)g FF, 18.1+/-2.8 (13.4-22.1) g F(int), 9.5+/-6.5 (1.9-25.4) g FR, 3.8+/-1.2 (2.1-4.8) g S. Tw.Contr Time 28+/-5.9 (18-38) ms FF, 30+/-6.0 (24-38) ms F(int), 29+/-3.4 (19-35) ms FR, 37+/-6.0 (31-43) ms S. % of whole muscle tension produced: 73.7% FF, 7.9% F(int), 17.2% FR, 1.1% S. (Dum & Kennedy, 1980). Motor neuron data: Cond. Veloc axon: 98+/-6.9 (82-112) m/s FF, 100+/-7.0 (88-106) F(int), 99|/-6.1 (87-111)m/s FR, 78+/-6.1 (73-85) m/s S. Input Impedance (Mohm): 0.79+/-0.25 (.54-1.43) FF, 1.3+/-.27 (.88-1.79) FR, S not given. (Dum & Kennedy, 1980) 116 alpha motor fibers; 117 gp. I fibers (Ia+Ib, suggest twice as many Ia as Ib. Boyd & Davey, 1966) 130 motor units, 39 spindles (20-22); 14 GTO calculated (Boyd & Davey, 1968)
• EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 57% FG, 37% FOG, 6% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• EXTENSOR DIGITORUM (LONGUS?): MAN
  • 47.3% type I (42-56), 52.7% type I fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS: RAT
  • 63% FOG, 33% FG fibers. 12 ms Tw.Contr.Time. (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Fibers deduced from enzyme %ages). 38% FG, 59% FOG, 3% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973) 42%FG, 54%FOG, 4%SO fibers (Rankin et al., 1988)
• EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES: CAT
  • None have spindles. (Matthews, 1972)
  • Medial Rectus: 61 twitch units studied, 5 non-twitch: 5/66 non-twitch units. Tw. Tens. 43 mg (8.2-234.9), Tw.Cont.Time 5.5 ms (3.9-8.8), Tet.tens 262 mg (48.9-1647.3); Fusion freq. 230 (150-300), tet/tw. ratio 6.5 (4.1-12.7). Non-tw. units: Tet tens. 87 mg (18.8-242.7). (Meredith & Goldberg, 1986)
  • Lateral Rectus: 80 twitch units studied, 3 non-twitch: 3/83 non-twitch units. Tw.Tens: 41 mg (2.6-293); Tw.Contr.Time 6.5 ms (4.1-9.8), Tet.Tens 398 mg (26.2-1482.9), Fusion freq. 160 (100-225), tet/tw ratio 11.9 (4.2-39.2). Non-tw. tetanic tens: 106 mg (49-160.3). Meredith & Goldberg, 1986)
  • 59 units tabulated, divided into NT=non-twitch, FF, FR, SF=Slow fatigable, S=Slow, fatigue resistant.
  • S: N=10, fusion f. <170pps, Tw.T 11.3 mg, Tet.t. 81.5mg
  • SF: N=15, fusion f. <170pps, Tw.T 22.3 mg, Tet.t. 177.4mg
  • FR: N= 8, fusion f. >170pps, Tw.T.20.3 mg, Tet.t. 127.1mg
  • FF: N=20, fusion f. >170pps, Tw.T.52.8 mg, Tet.t. 347.5mg
  • NT: N= 6, fusion f. NA, Tw.T. NA, Tet.t. 51.6mg (Shall and Goldberg, 1992)
  • Motoneuron data: 1200 motoneurons in nucleus, identified by lateral rectus HRP injection. ( Steiger & Buttner-Ennever).
  • 9 cells studied had 83 dendrites. 15 studied. Cell body 40.69 um diam,(27.5-50.9) 9.2 dendrites/cell mean, (7-11). Mean stem dendrite diam 3.85 um (n=83). 2 dendrite types: 1 diam. reduced at branch points, other reduced by tapering. Latter much bigger.
  • Type 1:
    • (n=9) dendrite surface 9266 um^2 +/- 3660, (3517-14436.
    • volume 4067 um^3 +/- 2145, (1255-7853)
    • length 8.8-265.8 um, diam 3.28 mean (1.7-5.75)
    • combined length 2255 +/-903 um (747.6-3489)
  • Type 2: (n=6) surface area: 22251 +/- 9140 (12988-36815)
    • volume 11061 +/-6680 (5343-20990)
    • combined length 4610 +/-1830 (2184-6625). Length not given, about 2X type 1 length. Stem diam 4.38 um (2.69-6.9) (Russel-Mergenthal et al., 1986)
  • Retractor bulbi: whole muscle data. 4 muscle slips innervated by oculomotor and abducens motoneurons. Slips are superior, inferior, lateral, medial.
  • Oculomotor N. Stimulation.. Tw. force mg: SLRB 65.8 (9.8-182); ILRB 78.0 (6.6-176); SMRB 123.5 (13.4-908); IMRB: 176.5 (13.4-908)
  • Tw. Contr. time ms: SLRB 6.7 (4.1-7.6); ILRB 5.7 (3.5-8.8); SMRB 5.65 (3.5-7.7); IMRB 5.6 (3.2-8.2); 1/2 RT: SLRB 7.7 (5-12.3); ILRB 5.7 (5-8.8); SMRB 7.7 (6.4-9.4); IMRB 7.3 (4.4-12.9).
  • Tet. Tens. mg: SLRB 441.1 (82.1-2374); ILRB 1163.3 (542-2415); SMRB 888.6 (113-1286); IMRB 1054.9 (209-2303). Fusion Freq. ILRB 266.2 (210-345)
  • Abducens N. Stimulation: Tw. force mg: SLRB 1475.3 (341-2603); ILRB 2221 (1667-2948); SMRB 1652 (920-3148); IMRB 2550 (804-3910).
  • Tw.Contr.Time ms: SLRB 10.3 (9.6-11.1); ILRB 8.9 (7-10.3); SMRB 10.1 (8.1-11.0); IMRB 9.7 (8.1-11.4). 1/2 Relax.Time: SLRB 9.5 (8.1-10.4); ILRB 9.7 (8.9-10.7); SMRB 9.6 (8.1-10.3); IMRB 9.7 (8.6-12.2).
  • Tet. Force gm: SLRB 35.8 (29-54); ILRB 36.8 (25-53); SMRB 35.0 (33-36); IMRB No Data. Fusion Freq. 170 (145-200 for ILRB. (Meredith et al., 1981)
  • Superior oblique: 96/101 twitch units, 5 non-twitch units. Tw.Contr.Time 3.5-20.4 ms; 1/2 RT 4.8-25 ms; Tw. Tens. 4.3-96.8 mg, fusion freq. 75-300 pps, tet. tens. 26.3-1100 mg, mean 140 +/- 82 mg, n=79. Tet/tw ratio 3-18, mean 8+/-2.5. Non-tw. unit: tetanic tens. 37.9-120.7 mg.
  • Motoneuron data: CV of all axons: 17.9-90 m/s; twitch CV: 27.9-90 m/s, non-tw. CV: 17.9-36.2 m/s. Input Z 1.95-7.17 Mohm, mean 3.8+/-1.5; Rheobase 1-13 nA. n=21. (Nelson et al., 1986)
• EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES: MAN
  • inferior rectus: 47 spindles, 130/gm @ 0.37 gm wt for i.r. (Matthews, 1972)
• EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES: GOAT
  • inferior oblique: 120 spindles (Matthews, 1972)
• EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES: SHEEP
  • lateral rectus: 281 spindles. (Matthews, 1972)
• FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS: CAT
  • 35%FG, 29%FOG, 36% SO, but eg 47%FG in superficial pt. 23 ms Tw.CT, 31 ms 1/2 RT. Tw/tet ratio .14. Max tetanus 2.23 kg. (Gonyea et al. 1981)
  • 136 units studied, of which 30=22.1% FF, 51=37.5% FR, 55=40.4% S. Tetanic tension was 5.2+-2.6g S, 26.3+-1.1g FR, 60.6+-20.7g FF. No classifiable FI found. (Botterman et al., 1985)
• FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS: CAT
  • Humeral and ulnar head, each with uniform fiber distrib. FCUh: 28%FG, 23%FOG, 49%SO fibers. FCUu: 39%FG, 26%FOG, 35%SO fibers. For whole muscle, CT=37 ms, 1/2RT 74 ms. Tw. force = .47 kg, Tet = 2.15 kg. (Gonyea et al., 1981)
• FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS: CAT
  • 54 alpha motor axons. (Boyd & Davey, 1966)
  • 65 motor units, 23 spindles. (Goslow et al., 1972, from Boyd & Davey, 1968)
  • Mean Axon C.V. 80 m/s (range 45-101), may be 5-10 m/s too high, sampling bias. Tw.Contr.Time mean 26.9 ms (range 10-50), 75% < 30 ms, 7.3% > 40 ms. Mean peak tens: 6 gm. (Goslow et al., 1972)
• FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS: MAN
  • 44.5% type I (40-65), 55.5% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 38% FG, 54% FOG, 7% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS: CAT
  • 61% FG, 32% FOG, 7% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 63% FOG, 33% FG fibers, 27 ms. Tw.Contr.Time. (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Fibers deduced from enzyme %ages)
  • 52.8% IIB and IIAB fibers, 36.9% IIA fibers, 10.3% I fibers.
  • 32.2% FF + F(int), 56.3% FR, 11.5% S motor units. 130 MN innervate muscle.
  • Total muscle tetanic force: 1663 gm.
  • 30.0 FF or F(int), 5.3 FR, 1.1 S gm mean force per MU type.
  • 3.48 FF or F(int), 2.86 FR, 0.60 S, kg/cm^2 specific tension.
  • 99.0 FF+F(int), 98.3 FR, 84.1, S. Mean CV, m/sec.
  • (Burke, 1981).
  • Innervation ratio: 328 FF, 132 FR, 180 S. Fiber areas 2628 um^2 FF, 1403 FR, 1023 S. % of total muscle area: 68.9 FF, 25.8 FR, 5.3 S.(Dum et al., 1982, from which above probably comes too.)
  • CV 70-115 m/s, mean 93. Tw.Contr.Time 10-85 ms, 20% < 30 ms, 47% > 40 ms. Mean tet. tens. 10 gm, 77% , 10 gm. (Goslow et al., 1972)
  • Motoneuron data: Homonymous whole N. EPSP: 3.1 mV FF, 3.7 FR, 3.6 S. Heteronymous whole N. EPSP from FHL: 0.8 mV FF, 2.6 FR, 2.2 S. Combined EPSP from FDL, FHL, Plant: 3.9 mV FF, 6.3 FR, 5.9 S. (Dum et al., 1982)
  • 58-91 spindles, mean 75+/-8. 23 spindles/gm muscle. Lateral head.
  • 36-59 spindles, mean48+/-6. 45 spindles/gm muscle. medial head. (Chin et al., 1962)
  • 205 alpha motoneurons lateral head, 116 medial head. 138 group I fibers lat. head, 74 med. head (Ia+Ib, suggest twice as many Ia as Ib. Boyd and Davey, 1966)
  • Lat head: 255 motor units, 75 spindles (58-91); 50 GTO calculated; med. head:155 motor units, 48 spindles (36-59); 17 GTO. (Boyd & Davey, 1968) **NOTE: LATERAL HEAD IS FHL!**
• FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 56% FG, 30% FOG, 14% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS: RAT
  • 37% FG, 55% FOG, 8% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS: SLOW LORIS
  • 53% FG, 7% FOG, 40% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDIS: CAT
  • 5 heads, FDP1-5. FDP1: 71%FG, 28%FOG, 1%SO. FDP2: 45%FG, 38%FOG, 17%SO. FDP3: 56%FG, 34%FOG, 10%SO. FDP4: 48%FG, 42%FOG, 10%SO. FDP5: 66%FG, 33%FOG, 1%SO.
  • FDP1,2 innervated by ulnar n.: TC=24 ms, 1/2RT=18 ms. Tetanus=4.43 kg, tw tens=.81 kg. FDG3,4,5 innervated by median n.: CT=24 ms, 1.2RT=17 ms. Twitch .95 kg, tetanus 5.6 kg. (Gonyea et al., 1981) Muscle has subunits; for discussion, see Galvas and Gonyea, 1980.
• FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDIS: MAN
  • 47.3% type I (24-70), 52.7% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 49% FG, 46% FOG, 5% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS: CAT
  • 63% FG, 23% FOG, 14% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 260 motor units, 75 spindles. (from Boyd & Davey, 1968). Axon C.V. 119 m/s, 75-135 range. (may be 5-10 m/s high, sampling bias). Tw. Contr. time 27.3 ms mean, (15-65 range) 72% , 30 ms, 6.7% > 40 ms. 31 gm mean peak tet. tens, 2-87 range. 28% < 10 gm. (Goslow et al., 1972)
• FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS: RAT
  • 49% FG, 48% FOG, 3% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 63% FG fibers, 33% FOG fibers, 4% SO fibers. (Fiber number)
  • 80% FG muscle, 18% FOG muscle, 2% SO muscle. (Muscle mass)
  • (Armstrong & Phelps, 1984)
• FRONTALIS: MAN
  • 64.1% type I (43-75), 35.9% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• GASTROCNEMIUS (ALL): LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 56% FG, 29% FOG, 15% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GASTROCNEMIUS (ALL): SLOW LORIS
  • 41% FG, 14% FOG, 45% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GASTROCNEMIUS MEDIALIS: CAT
  • 280 Alpha MN, (Boyd and Davey, 1966, 1968), 260 Alpha MN, 88 gamma, (Burke et al., 1977) Cell sizes and range also given by Burke.
  • 61% FG, 14% FOG, 25% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 55.3% IIB+IIAB, 20.2% IIA, 24.5% I fibers. 170,000 fibers total.
  • 51.8% FF + F(int), 23% FR, 25.2% S MU. 270 MU total.
  • 71.4% FF+F(int), 28.7% FR, 7.6% S mean tetanic force, gm.
  • Total tetanic force: 12, 992 gm.
  • 81.3 FF+F(int), 14.5 FR, 4.2 S, gm mean force per MU.
  • 2.35 FF, 2.18 FR, 0.63 S, Specific tension kg/cm^2
  • 98.9 FF+F(int), 99.6 FR, 83.4 S, mean CV, m/sec.
  • (Burke, 1981).
  • Total of 81 units tested, of which:
  • FF: 38%, Tw.T. 14.7+-2.2g, Tet.T. 76+-8g
  • FI: 12%, Tw.T. 1.7+-0.5g, Tet.T. 29+-7g
  • FR: 26%, Tw.T. 0.3+-0.1g, Tet.T. 17+-2g
  • S: 23%, Tw.T. 0.4+-0.1g, Tet.T. 7+-2g Fleshman et al., 1981.
  • CV range, 57.9-108 m/sec, mean 95 m/sec. Best preload, 200-400 gm for tetani.
  • Contraction times 18-70 ms, 84-129 ms bimodal distrib.
  • Tw. Tens. 0.3-36.0 gm, mean 7.4 gm. Tet/twitch ratio 2.8-110, mean 15.8, median 8.1.
  • (Wuerker et al., 1965.)
  • Motoneuron data: 8-15 dendrites/cell, mean 11.2. Stem dendrite diam. 2-23, mean 8.9 um. Combined stem dendrite diam. 114 um. Length to dendrite termination 873 um mean; length to most remote terminal 1179 um mean. Combined length 5136 um mean. 5-31 terminal branches, mean 12. 39250 um^2 dendrite surface area. 38180 dendrite volume. (Cameron et al., 1985)
  • 60 Ia fibers & spindles. (Nelson & Mendell, 1978, from Chin et al.) 70 spindles, 44 tendon organs. (Eldred et al., 1961)
  • 46-80 spindles, mean 62+/-7, 5 spindles/gm muscle. (Chin et al., 1962)
  • Projection frequency/single fiber epsp ampl: MG to MG:78%/95uV, MG to LG:54%/59uV, MG to Sol:63%/79uV. (Scott & Mendell, 1976)
  • 288 motoneurons, 105 I afferents (Ia+Ib; suggest twice as many Ia's as Ib's. Boyd & Davey, 1966) 280 motor units, 71 spindles, (46-108), 44 GTO (Boyd & Davey, 1968)
• GASTROCNEMIUS MEDIALIS: CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY
  • Muscle wt 6.94 gm, n=3.
  • Deep: FG (43,43,42%), FOG (21,34,29%), SO (36,23,29%) fibers.
  • Superficial: FG (66,72,67%), FOG (12,21,15%), SO (22,7,18%) fibers. (Acosta & Roy, 1987)
• GASTROCNEMIUS MEDIALIS: GUINEA PIG
  • 54% FG, 24% FOG, 22% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GASTROCNEMIUS MEDIALIS: MAN
  • 50.8% type I (47-57) fibers, 49.2% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
  • Tw. Contract. time: 79ms +/- 12 in small muscle fiber bundles, force recorded w. needle in tendon. Same speed as soleus. (Buchthal & Schmalbruch, 1970)
  • 110 ms, range 92-150 ms, small muscle bundles, force recorded via manometer in intramuscular needle. Same speed as soleus. (Buller et al., 1959)
  • 114 ms in submaximal twitches. (Vandervoort & McComas, 1983)
  • 75 ms mean, 92-150 range in single M.U., (Garnett et al., 1979)
  • 7% type A, 9% type B., 84% type C fibers. Mitochondrial stain. Buchthal & Schmalbruch, 1970)
  • 105 muscle spindles, 600 A alpha axons, 10^6 muscle fibers. (Cooper, 1966)
• GASTROCNEMIUS MEDIALIS: RAT
  • 56% FG, 38% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • Twitch time: 17.2ms FF; 16.6ms FI; 15.7ms FR; 28.0ms S.
  • Tw. Tens. 95gm FF; 76gm FI, 31gm FR, 2gm S.
  • Tet. Tens. 205gm FF, 167gm FI, 100gm FR, 15gm S.
  • Tw/Tet ratio: .45 FF, .45 FI, .29 FR, .16 S.
  • CV nerve: 63.9 FF, 59.4 FI, 66.1 FR, 57.6 S. Innerv. Ratio S units: 40-90(read from graph). Data for aged units also given. (Kanda & Hashizume, 1989)
• GASTROCNEMIUS MEDIALIS: SKUNK
  • 57.3% SO, 42.7% FOG, 0% FG fibers.
  • Tw.Contr.Time 30-80 ms, mean 53 +/- 14 ms. Peak Tetanic Tension 1.04 +/-0.7% mean, 0.14-3.0% (of whole muscle tension), range. 15 +/- 9 gm mean peak tet.tens. All units highly fatigue resistant.
  • C.V. of axons 33-72 m/s, mean 57 +/- 9 m/s. (Van de Graaf et al., 1977)
• GASTROCNEMIUS LATERALIS: CAT
  • About 260 alpha motoneurons (Cooper, 1966, Fig. 2)
  • 66% FG, 16% FOG, 18% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 35 muscle spindles & Ia afferents. (Nelson & Mendell, 1978, from Chin et al.)
  • 25-45 spindles, mean 35+/-7; 9spindles/gm muscle. (Chin et al., 1962)
  • Projection freq./single fiber epsp ampl.: LG to MG:49%/76 uV, LG to LG: 71%/141 uV; LG to SOL: 68%/84 uV. (Scott & Mendell, 1976)
• GASTROCNEMIUS LATERALIS: CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY
  • Muscle wt 8.29 gm, n=3.
  • Deep: FG (42,43,64%), FOG (16,30,13%), SO (42,27,23%) fibers.
  • Superficial: FG (75,59,67%), FOG (13,20,18%), SO (12,21,15%) fibers. (Acosta & Roy, 1987)
• GASTROCNEMIUS LATERALIS: GUINEA PIG
  • 56% FG, 32% FOG, 12% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GASTROCNEMIUS LATERALIS: MAN
  • Surface: 43.5% type I (35-51), 56.5% type II.
  • Deep: 50.3% type I (43-60), 49.7% type II. (Johnson et al., 1973)
  • Tw. Contract. time: 75.0+/-8.5 ms in small muscle fiber bundles, force recorded w. needle in tendon.
  • 10% type A, 8% type B, 82% type C fibers. Mitochondrial stain.
  • (Buchthal & Schmalbruch, 1970)
• GASTROCNEMIUS LATERALIS: RAT
  • 58% FG, 37% FOG, 5% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GASTROCNEMIUS LATERALIS: SKUNK
  • 35.6% SO 64.4% FOG 0% FG fibers.
  • Tw.Contr.Time 30-75 ms, mean 52 +/- 11 m/s. Tetanic tension 0.13-1.06% of muscle maximum, mean 0.58+/-0.2% (9+/- 4 gm).
  • All units highly fatigue resistant.
  • CV of axons 40-60 m/s, mean 55+/-4 m/s. (Van de Graaff et al., 1977)
• GLUTEUS MAXIMUS: MAN
  • 52.4% type I (41-71), 47.6% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• GLUTEUS MAXIMUS: RAT
  • 47% FG fibers, 45% FOG fibers, 8% SO fibers. (Fiber numbers)
  • 71% FG muscle, 26% FOG muscle, 3% SO muscle. (Muscle mass)
  • (Armstrong & Phelps, 1984)
• GRACILIS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 28% FG, 51% FOG, 20% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GRACILIS: CAT
  • 72% FG, 13% FOG, 15% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  GRACILIS: GUINEA PIG
  • 56% FG, 44% FOG, 0% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GRACILIS: SLOW LORIS
  • 35% FG, 5% FOG, 60% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GRACILIS ANTICUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 70% FG, 30% FOG fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GRACILIS ANTICUS: RAT
  • 48% FG, 43% FOG, 9% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GRACILIS POSTICUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 66% FG, 30% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• GRACILIS POSTICUS: RAT
  • 32% FG, 32% FOG, 36% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• ILIOPSOAS: MAN
  • 49.2% type I (37-61), 50.8% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• INFRASPINATUS: MAN
  • 45.3% type I (35-56), 54.7% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• INTEROSSEUS, 5TH. FOOT:CAT
  • 22-33 spindles, mean 29. 88 spindles/gm muscle. (Chin et al., 1962)
• INTEROSSEUS, 5TH. HAND:CAT
  • 21-31 spindles, mean 25+/-2. 119 spindles/gm muscle. (Chin et al., 1962)
• INTEROSSEUS: MAN
  • 100 spindles, 4x10^4 muscle fibers (Cooper, 1966)
• FIRST DORSAL INTEROSSEUS: MAN
  • 57.4% type I (50-65), 42.6% II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• INTERTRANSVERSARIUS(TAIL MUSCLE):RAT
  • 3 TO 6 alpha fibers, 1 to 2 spindles. (Cooper, 1966)
• LATISSIMUS DORSI: MAN
  • 50.5% type I (35-66), 49.5% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
  • 368 spindles, 1.4/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• LUMBRICALUS,1st, HAND: MAN
  • 50 spindles, 78 alpha fibers. (Cooper, 1966) 51 spindles, 16.5/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• LUMBRICALUS, 1ST, FOOT: MAN
  • 36 spindles, 21/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• LUMBRICALUS, 2ND, HAND: MAN
  • 36 spindles, 19.7/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• MASSETER: MAN
  • 42 spindles, deep portion, 11.2/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
  • 160 spindles total. 1.5x10^6 muscle fibers. (Cooper, 1966)
• NECK MUSCLES: CAT
  • Interspinous muscles: 56 GTO's in tendons at both ends, 147 or 81 spindles (2 cats). 158 resp. 137 spindles/gm muscle.
  • Intertransverse muscles: 72 GTO's in tendons at both ends, 206, 146 spindles (2 cats). 312, 247 spindles/gm.
  • Centrotransverse muscles: 39 GTO's at both ends, 184, 121 spindles (2 cats). 460, 288 spindles/gm. (GTO data Richmond and Bakker, 1982, spindle data Bakker and Richmond, 1982).
• OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR: MAN
  • 141 spindles; 42.7/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• OPPONENS POLLICIS: MAN
  • 44 spindles; 17.3/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• ORBICULARIS ORI: MAN
  • 15.4% type I (.5-24), 84.6% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• PALMARIS LONGUS: CAT
  • 52%FG, 29%FOG, 19%SO fibers, uniformly distrib. 24 ms CT, 26 ms 1/2 RT, tetanus=2.95 kg, tw. tension .43 kg. (Gonyea et al., 1981)
• PECTINEUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 16% FG, 50% FOG, 32% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PECTINEUS: CAT
  • 79% FG, 19% FOG, 2% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PECTINEUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 73% FG, 23% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PECTINEUS: RAT
  • 30% FG, 47% FOG, 23% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PECTORALIS: VARIOUS BIRDS
  • Chicken: 67.3% FG, 11.0% FOG, 21.7% SO fibers. Fiber diam (um): 75.5 FG, 75.0 FOG, 62.5 SO.
  • Domestic Duck: 23.1% FG, 60.0% FOG, 16.9% SO fibers. Fiber diam (um): 79.0 FG, 32.0 FOG, 37.5 SO.
  • Cattle egret: 22.5% FG, 77.5% FOG, 0% SO fibers. Fiber diam (um): 55.0 FG, 37.5 FOG.
  • Blue rock pigeon: 14.1% FG, 85.9% FOG, 0% SO fibers. Fiber diam (um): 70.0 FG, 30.0 FOG. Similar composition, no SO in: purple moorhen, koel, hoopoe.
  • Pariah kite: central muscle: 100% SO, diam. 42.5 um. Lateral, 46.8% SO, 53.2% FG, 0% FOG. Diam 60 um SO, 90 um FG.
  • Indian whitebacked vulture: 100% SO, 61 um diam.
  • Great horned owl: 64.3% SO, 35.7% SO, 0% FG fibers. Diam (um) 53.0 SO, 48.0 FOG.
  • House swift: 36.6% SO, 63.4% FOG, 0% FG fibers. Diam (um): 38 SO, 37.5 FOG.
  • Whitebreasted kingfisher: 32.3% SO, 67.7% FOG, 0% FG fibers. Diam (um): 57.5 SO, 32.5 FOG.
  • Common myna: 33.8% SO, 66.2% FOG, 0% FG fibers. Diam (um): 62.5 SO, 42.5 FOG.
  • Similar composition, no FG in: swallow, rosy pastor, house crow, Indian robin.
  • Rubythroated hummingbird: 100% FOG, diam 25 um.
  • crimsonbreasted barbet 100% FOG, diam 40 um.
  • house sparrow 100% FOG, diam. 35 um. (George & Berger, 1966; far more birds and histo. data given)
• PECTORALIS MAJOR: MAN
  • Clavicular head: 42.3% type I (32-57), 57.7% type II fibers.
  • Sternal head: 43.1% type I (27-61), 56.9% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
  • 450 spindles, 1.5/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• PERONEUS BREVIS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 42% FG, 46% FOG, 11% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PERONEUS BREVIS & TERTIUS: CAT
  • 39% FG, 41% FOG, 20% SO fibers in p. brevis. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 68 alpha motor axons. (Boyd & Davey, 1966). 85 motor units, 31 spindles. (Boyd & Davey, 1968).
• PERONEUS BREVIS: GUINEA PIG
  • 55% FG, 26% FOG, 19% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PERONEUS BREVIS: RAT
  • 41% FG, 53% FOG, 6% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PERONEUS LONGUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 49% FG, 36% FOG, 15% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PERONEUS LONGUS: CAT
  • 66% FG, 28% FOG, 6% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 83 alpha motoneurons. (Boyd & Davey, 1966) 95 motor units, 11 spindles (Boyd & Davey, 1968).
  • 32-42% FF units, producing 52-63% total muscle force.
  • CT: 17.3 ms, 1/2 RT 18.1 ms, tet force 28 gm, tw/tet=0.2
  • 22.5% FI units, producing 25% total muscle force.
  • CT: 18.5 ms, 1/2 RT 19.2 ms, tet force 19.7 gm, tw/tet=0.19
  • 23-36% FR units, producing 18-23% total muscle force.
  • CT: 19.5 ms, 1/2 RT 20.5 ms, tet force 12.9 gm, tw/tet=0.14
  • 21-29% S units, producing 5-13% total muscle force.
  • CT: 30.9 ms, 1/2 RT 40.7 ms, tet force 4 gm, tw/tet=0.19
  • Ranges produced by varying classification scheme. (Kernell et al., 1983)
• PERONEUS LONGUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 52% FG, 37% FOG, 11% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PERONEUS LONGUS: MAN
  • 62.5% type I (49-76), 37.5% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• PERONEUS LONGUS: RAT
  • 54% FG, 42% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PERONEUS TERTIUS: CAT
  • 45% FG, 45% FOG, 10% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PERONEUS TERTIUS: RAT
  • 53% FG, 44% FOG, 3% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PLANTARIS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 56% FG, 30% FOG, 19% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PLANTARIS: CAT
  • 46% FG, 28% FOG, 26% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 236 alpha motoneurons. (Boyd & Davey, 1966)
  • 265 motor units, 41 spindles. (Boyd & Davey, 1968)
  • CV. axons: 75-135 m/s, mean 113. (may be 5-10 high, sample bias). Tw.Contr.Time 22.3 ms mean, 5-50 range. 84% < 30 ms, 4.4% > 40 ms. Mean peak tet. tens. 62 gm, 3-160 gm range, 15% < 20 gm. (Goslow et al., 1972)
• PLANTARIS: CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY
  • Muscle wt 2.69 gm, n=3. FG (48,42,54%), FOG (18,36,22%), SO (34,22,24%) fibers. (Acosta & Roy, 1987)
• PLANTARIS: GUINEA PIG
  • 73% FG, 23% FOG, 6% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• PLANTARIS: RAT
  • 41% FG, 53% FOG, 6% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 41% FG fibers, 50% FOG fibers, 9% SO fibers (Fiber numbers)
  • 53% FG muscle, 40% FOG muscle, 7% SO muscle (Muscle mass)
  • (Armstrong & Phelps, 1984)
• PLANTARIS: SKUNK
  • 32.8% SO, 67.2% FOG fibers.
  • Tw.Contr.Time 26-80 ms, mean 53 +/- 16 ms. Peak tetanic tension (% of whole muscle tension: 1.1 +/- 0.6 mean, 0.24-2.6 range. 15 +/- 9 gm mean. All units highly fatigue resistant.
  • CV of axons 35-61 m/s, mean 50 +/- 6 m/s. (Van de Graaff et al., 1977)
• PLATYSMA: MAN
  • Tw. Contraction time: 45.0+/-7.0 ms in small muscle fiber bundles. Force measured w. needle in tendon. (Buchthal & Schmalbruch, 1970)
• POPLITEUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 16% FG, 78% FOG, 6% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• POPLITEUS: CAT
  • 66% FG, 30% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 94 alpha motor axons, 84 gp. I axons (Ia+Ib, suggest twice as many Ia as Ib) (Boyd & Davey, 1966) 120 motor units, 34 spindles (32-35), 22 GTO calculated. (Boyd & Davey, 1968)
• POPLITEUS: SLOW LORIS
  • 32% FG, 16% FOG, 52% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• RECTUS ABDOMINIS: MAN
  • 46.1% type I (32-56), 53.9% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR:MAN
  • 122 spindles; 30.5/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• RECTUS FEMORIS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 44% FG, 48% FOG, 6% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• RECTUS FEMORIS: GUINEA PIG
  • 51% FG, 43% FOG, 6% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• RECTUS FEMORIS: CAT
  • 77-132 spindles, mean 104+/-14. 12 spindles/gm muscle. (Chin et al., 1962)
  • 61% FG, 17% FOG, 22% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• RECTUS FEMORIS: CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY
  • 14.8 gm muscle wt., n=2.
  • Deep: FG (32,39%), FOG (38,32%), SO (30,29%) fibers.
  • Superficial FG (64,66%), FOG (32,30%), SO (4,4%) fibers. (Acosta & Roy, 1987)
• RECTUS FEMORIS: MAN
  • Lat. Head, surface: 29.5% type I (21-39), 70.5% type II fibers.
  • Lat. Head, deep: 42.0% type I (34-52), 58.0% type II fibers.
  • Medial Head 42.8% type I (33-50), 57.2% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
  • 230 muscle spindles, 1.9x10^5 muscle fibers. (Cooper, 1966)
• RECTUS FEMORIS: RAT
  • 42% FG, 54% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• RECTUS FEMORIS: SLOW LORIS
  • 36% FG, 12% FOG, 50% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• RHOMBOID: MAN
  • 44.6% type I (31-62), 55.4% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• SARTORIUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 47% FG, 49% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SARTORIUS: CAT
  • 46% FG, 24% FOG, 30% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • Innervation ratio: FG 566 in anterior sartorius, 270 in medial sartorius. SO 190, N=2, FOG, 156 (Smits et al., 1994. MUs contain more fibers in distal or proximal pt. of muscle; fibers series connected.
• SARTORIUS: SLOW LORIS
  • 39% FG, 13% FOG, 49% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SARTORIUS: MAN
  • 49.6% type I (39-60), 50.4% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
  • 195 spindles; 2.3x10^5 muscle fibers. (Cooper, 1966)
• SEMIMEMBRANOSUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 66% FG, 33% FOG, 1% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SEMIMEMBRANOSUS: CAT
  • 70% FG, 20% FOG, 10% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SEMIMEMBRANOSUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 53% FG, 37% FOG, 10% SO fibers. Semimembranosus accessorius: 60% FG, 39% FOG, 1% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SEMIMEMBRANOSUS: RABBIT
  • Semimembranosus accessorius: 12% FOG, 86% FG, 2% SO fibers. Tw. Contr. Time 30 ms. (Peter et al., 1972)
• SEMIMEMBRANOSUS: RAT
  • 38% FG, 58% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SEMIMEMBRANOSUS: SLOW LORIS
  • 36% FG, 5% FOG, 59% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SEMITENDINOSUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 40% FG, 52% FOG, 8% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SEMITENDINOSUS: CAT
  • Motoneuron data: 120 single Ia fibers & spindles. Homonymous projection frequency 82%, mean EPSP ampl. 91+/-9 uV, heteronymous proj. freq. to biceps & semimembranosus 38%, mean EPSP ampl. 55+/-7 uV. (Nelson & Mendell, 1978).
  • 80-141 spindles, 114+/-14 mean. 18 spindles/gm muscle. (Chin et al., 1962)
  • 183 alpha motoneurons, 116 gp. I afferents (spindles + TO's, suggest there are 2ce as many Ia's as Ib's) (Boyd & Davey, 1966) 255 motor units, 114 spindles, (80-141); 86 GTO, (Boyd & Davey, 1968)
  • 65% FG, 18% FOG, 17% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • Fiber distribution proximal pt: 48% FG superficial, 80% deep FG; 29% FOG superficial, 18% deep; 22% SO superficial, 1% deep.
  • Fiber distribution distal pt: 46% FG superficial, 73% deep, 29% FOG superficial, 24% deep, 24% SO superficial, 3% deep.
  • Whole muscle mechanical: Tw. Contr time 47 ms distal, 41 ms prox., 41 ms whole.
  • 1/2 relax. time: 37 ms dist., 31 ms prox., 37 ms whole muscle.
  • Tw. force (newtons): 3.53 distal, 2.74 prox., 5.29 whole muscle.
  • Tetanic force (newtons): 20.6 distal, 18.6 prox., 19.6 whole muscle. (Bodine et al., 1982)
• SEMITENDINOSUS: CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY
  • Muscle wt. 12.8 gm, n=2.
  • Proximal pt: Deep: FG (44,46%), FOG (17,34%), SO (39,20%) fibers.
  • Superficial: FG (70,77%), FOG (20,13%), SO (10,10%) fibers.
  • Distal pt: Deep: FG (39,43%), FOG (27,29%), SO (34,28%) fibers.
  • Superficial: FG (70,67%), FOG (19,15%), SO (11,18%) fibers. (Acosta & Roy, 1987)
• SEMITENDINOSUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 45% FG, 32% FOG, 23% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SEMITENDINOSUS: MAN
  • 220 muscle spindles, 5x10^5 muscle fibers. (Cooper, 1966)
• SEMITENDINOSUS: RAT
  • 38% FG, 55% FOG, 7% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SEMITENDINOSUS: SLOW LORIS
  • 30% FG, 20% FOG, 50% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SOLEUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 0% FG, 13% FOG, 87% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SOLEUS: CAT
  • 155 motor units (Boyd & Davey, 1966) 133 alpha, 51 gamma, MN, (Burke et al., 1977) 155 motor units, 56 spindles (40-70), 31-45 GTO (Boyd & Davey, 1968)
  • 100% SO fibers, 70 ms Tw.Contr.Time. (Davies & Gunn, 1972)
  • 100% Slow motor units. (McPhedran et al., 1965) (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • Innervation ratio: 180 muscle fibers/nerve axon average, range 39-491 calculated from m.u. force. (McPhedran et al., 1965)
  • 56 muscle spindles with 56 Ia, 56 II afferents. (Boyd & Davey, 1966, 1968, Stuart et al., 1972)
  • 40-70 spindles, 56+/-7 mean. 23 spindles/gm muscle. (Chin et al., 1962)
  • 45 tendon organs (Swett & Eldred, 1960; Eldred et al, 1961.) with 33 Ib afferents 118 alpha motor fibers, 81 gp I (Ia+Ib, suggest twice as many Ia as Ib) (Boyd & Davey, 1966, 1968)
  • Stuart et al., 1972 summarizes all these soleus data.
  • 140 MU, 25,000 muscle fibers, 100% type I, 100 type S MU.
  • Mean force 10.5 gm/MU. 72 m/sec axon CV, 1.57 kg/cm^2 specific tension.
  • (Burke, 1981.)
  • Tw. Contr. time 58-193 ms, mean 80-90 ms.
  • Max. tetanic tension 3.2-40.4 gm, mean 14.8 gm. Soleus MU singly innervated.
  • (McPhedran et al., 1965)
  • Motoneuron data: Projection frequency/single fiber epsp ampl: Sol to MG:42%/50 uV, Sol to LG:74%/65 uV, Sol to Sol:100%/143 uV. (Scott & Mendell, 1976)
• SOLEUS: CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY
  • Muscle wt 6.71 gm, n=2. FG (0,0%), FOG (4,9%), SO (96,91%) fibers. (Acosta & Roy, 1987)
• SOLEUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 100% SO fibers, Tw. Contr. time 82.3 ms. Metabolic profiles given. (Peter et al., 1972)
  • 100% SO (Ariano et al., 1973)
• SOLEUS: MAN
  • Twitch contraction time (whole muscle) 116 ms.( Bellemare et al., 1983);
  • 156 ms, submaximal twitches. (Vandervoort & McComas, 1983)
  • 74 ms ave +/- 11; range 52-100 in stimulated small muscle fiber bundles; force recorded from needle inserted in tendon. Same speed as M.G. (Buchthal & Schmalbruch, 1970);
  • 120 ms mean, 100-150 ms range, in stimulated small muscle fiber bundles; force measured as muscle pressure w. manometer in intramusc. needle. Same speed as M.G. (Buller et al., 1959)
  • Surface: 86.4% type I (70-100), 13.6% type II fibers.
  • Deep: 89.0% type I (77-100), 11.0% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
  • 4% type A, 7% type B, 89% type C fibers. Mitochondrial stain. Buchthal & Schmalbruch, 1970)
• SOLEUS: RABBIT
  • 96% SO, 4% FOG fibers. Tw. Contr. Time 85 ms whole muscle.
  • (Peter et al., 1972. Introduces FG, FOG, SO nomenclature, contains many histo. data)
• SOLEUS: RAT
  • 0% FG fibers, 13% FOG fibers, 87% SO fibers. (Fiber numbers )
  • 0% FG muscle, 19% FOG muscle, 89% SO muscle, (muscle mass)
  • (Armstrong & Phelps, 1984)
  • 0% FG, 15% FOG, 85% SO fibers. 36 ms TW.Contr.Time. (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Fibers deduced from enzyme %ages)
  • 0% FG, 16% FOG, 84% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 84% SO fibers, confirmed from Ariano et al. Motoneurons have 44.7+/-5.0 NADH-D activity (optical density), signif. higher than FOG>FG. (Sickles & Oblak, 1984)
  • 85%SO, 15%FOG fibers (Rankin et al., 1988)
  • 0% IIB fibers, 6.7% FR(IIA) fibers, 93.3% S(I) fibers, calc. mean of 2900 fibers/muscle of which 2706 S(I), 194 FR(IIA) fibers. 5.46% FR motor units, 94.5% S motor units, 26 MU/muscle est. from tetanic tension. S units produce 3.9% of whole muscle tension, FR units 7.1%. Innerv. ration FR=142(138), S=98(110) direct=depleted fiber count(inderect=musc. fibers/#mu).Spec. Tens FR=.29, S=.24. (Chamberlain and Lewis, 1989).
• SOLEUS: SKUNK
  • CV of motor axon30-62 m/s, mean 41+/-8.
  • 50-95 ms Tw.Contr.Times, 65+/-10 ms. These units produced 11+/-6 gm tetanic tension, or 1.36+/-0.7% of whole muscle tension.
  • FI=1.0 for all units. 100% SO fibers. (Van de Graaff et al., 1977)
• SOLEUS: SLOW LORIS
  • 21% FG, 7% FOG, 72% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• STERNOMASTOID: MAN
  • 35.2% type I (30-47), 64.8% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• STERNOMASTOID: RAT
  • Red segment: 76% fast-tw. red, 13% fast tw. white, 11% slow tw. red. Mean x-sect. area of all fibers, 2104 micrometers^2.
  • White segment: 84% fast-tw. white, rest fast-tw. red. Mean x-sect. area of fibers 5109 micrometers^2. Red fibers had 3X number of mitochondria, 38% thicker Z-lines than white. Mechanical speed, fatigability, PTP similar for all fiber colors, typical of white. (Dulhunty & Dlutowski, 1979)
• SUPRACORACOIDEUS: VARIOUS BIRDS
  • Fiber diameter in um and (% fibers) in the muscle are given.
  • Chicken: 95(59.2%) FG, 55(16.3%) FOG, 75(24.5%) SO.
  • Pariah kite: 70(54.5%) FG, 45(44.5%) FOG, 0% SO.
  • Whitebreasted kingfisher: 60(44.5%) FG, 42.5(31.8%) FOG, 54(23.7%) SO.
  • Great horned owl: 90.2(37.7%) FG, 55(39.6%) FOG, 80(22.7%) SO.
  • Blue rock pigeon: 80(12.8%) FG, 35(59.2%) FOG, 52(28.0%) SO.
  • Cattle egret: 80(30.2%) FG, 47(69.8%) FOG, 0% SO.
  • House swift: 39(42.5%) FOG, 50(57.5%) SO, 0% FG.
  • Common myna: 50(52.7%) FOG, 65(47.3%) SO, 0% FG.
  • House sparrow: 42(63.3%) FOG, 56(36.4%) SO, 0% FG.
  • Rubythroated hummingbird: 22.5(100%) FOG.
  • (George & Berger, 1966; far more data and more birds.)
• SUPRASPINATUS: MAN
  • 59.3% type I (41-85), 40.7% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• TEMPORALIS: MAN
  • 46.5% type I (30-60), 53.5% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
  • 215 muscle spindles; 1.9x10^6 muscle fibers. (Cooper, 1966)
• TENUISSIMUS: CAT
  • 20 motor units, 15 spindles (14-16), nil GTO (Boyd & Davey, 1968)
  • 56% FG, 24% FOG, 20% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 20.7% Type I, 21.7% IIa, 34.0% IIb, 20.7% unclassified by fiber count; 24% FF, 28% Fint, 26% FR, 22% S motor units, N=54. FF: 101.5 m/s CV, 21.9 ms tw.time to peak, .4+/- .14 gm tw.force unpotentiated; 28 ms tw.time to peak, .83+/-.19 gm tw. force potentiated. 2.06 gm tetanus. Fint: 102.8 m/s CV, 25.9 ms tw.time, .25+/-.14 tw.force unpot., 29 ms tw.time, .44+/-.24 gm force potentiated, .96 gm tet.force. FR: 98.9 m/s CV, 29.1 ms tw.time, .23+/-.01gm unpot., 32.8 ms, .37+/-.19 gm potent., 1.03 gm tet. force. S: 79.5 m/s CV, 46.2 ms tw.time, .13+/-.05 gm unpot., 51.7 ms, .16+/-.07 gm potent., .62 gm tet.
  • number of alpha+gamma motoneurons in nucleus (HRP stain of motor nucleus) 8,10,12,14,15,28,28,31; no clear bimodal size distribution, but approximately 52% gamma, 48% alpha in pooled population. Alphas were 33%-71% of population in individual cases. (Lev-Tov et al., 1988)
• TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE: CAT
  • 85% FG, 14% FOG, 1% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE: GUINEA PIG
  • 81% FG, 19% FOG, 0% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE: RAT
  • 94% FG, 6% FOG, 0% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 89% FG fibers, 10% FOG fibers, 1% SO fibers (Fiber numbers)
  • 96% FG muscle, 3% FOG muscle, 1% SO muscle (Muscle mass)
  • (Armstrong & Phelps, 1984)
  • 94% FG fibers (confirms Ariano et al.), motoneurons have 26.05+/-3.34 NADH-D activity (optical density),
• TERES MAJOR: MAN
  • 44 spindles; 0.36/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• THYROARETENOID: RABBIT
  • 100% FOG fibers, Tw.Contr.Time 6 ms. (Davies & Gunn, 1972. Fibers deduced from enzyme %ages)
• TIBIALIS ANTERIOR: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 43% FG, 45% FOG, 12% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• TIBIALIS ANTERIOR: CAT
  • 61% FG, 20% FOG, 19% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 31.7% FF, 7.5%F(int), 50.0% FR, 10.8% S units. Sample of 120.
  • 47.6% FF, 27.2% FR, 12,3% S muscle fibers.
  • Tw.Contr Time: 27+/-4.7 (23-37) ms FF, 31 +/-5.7 (20-51) ms FR, 42 +/- 5.8 (35-53) ms S. Tet. Tens. 24.9 +/- 9.2 (7.2-44) gm FF, 6.7 +/- 3.9 (1.5-18.3) g F(int), 2.8 +/- 1.1 (1.0-4.8) gm S. Tw/Tet ratio .42 FF, .43 FR, .23 S. % of whole muscle tension: 63% FF, 8.3% F(int), 26.3% FR, 2.4% S. Strong regional differences in fiber distributions.(Dum & Kennedy, 1980). X-sect area range: 1700-4400mu^2, S; 362-4400 mu^2 FR, 1430-6900 mu^2 FI, 1259-4400 mu^2 FF, more data given. SDH, GPD activity per fiber given; variability within one MU given. (Martin et al, 1988)
  • Motor Neuron Properties :CV axon: 97+/-6.3 (87-112) m/s FF, 100+/-3.6 (95-105) m/s F(int), 97+/-6.5 (79-111) FR, 84+/-8.1 (70-97) S. Input Resistance: .88+/-.29 (.49-1.39) FF, 1.34+/-0.47 (0.63-2.64) FR, 2.00+/-0.64 (1.27-2.62) S. (Dum & Kennedy, 1980).
  • 168 alpha axons, 266 gp I fibers (Ia+Ib; suggest twice as many Ia as Ib. Boyd & Davey, 1966) 200 motor units, 64 spindles (52-89); 43 GTO calculated. (Boyd & Davey, 1968)
  • Tw. Contr. time of single units: 35, 38, 39 ms S, 23,22,33 ms FR, 19,24,26,25 ms FF, 23 FI. Max Tet tens, 23,46,51 mN S, 84,94,124 mN FR, 124,157,270,279 mN F, 284 mN FI. Tw/Tet ratio .17 S, .04-.17 FR, .03-.27 FF.
  • Innervation ratio means: 93 S, 197 FR, 255 FF, 311 FI(N=1)
  • Mean X-sect area, muscle fibers: 2484 um^2 S, 2431 um^2 FR, 3293 um^2 FF, 3483 um^2 FI. Specific tension least for S, equal for all others. Territory also given. (Bodine et al., 1987)
  • 52-89 spindles, mean 71+/-9. 15 spindles/gm muscle. (Chin et al., 1962)
• TIBIALIS ANTERIOR: CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY
  • Muscle wt. 8.41 gm, n=1.
  • Deep: FG (44%), FOG (34%), SO (22%) fibers.
  • Superficial: FG (73%), FOG (20%), SO (7%) fibers. (Acosta & Roy, 1987)
  TIBIALIS ANTERIOR: GUINEA PIG
  • 50% FG, 46% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• TIBIALIS ANTERIOR: MAN
  • Surface: 73.4% type I (58-80), 26.6% type II fibers.
  • Deep: 72.7% type I (65-77), 27.3% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
  • Twitch Contraction time: 58.0+/-9.0 ms, small muscle bundles. Force recorded w. needle in tendon.
  • 19% type A, 35% type B, 46% type C fibers. Mitochondrial stain. (Buchthal & Schmalbruch, 1970)
  • 370,000 muscle fibers, 372 alpha fibers, 290 spindles (may be off). Cooper, 1966).
• TIBIALIS ANTERIOR: RAT
  • 32% FG, 66% FOG, 4% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 66% FOG, 32% FG fibers. Confirms Ariano et al. Motoneurons have 30.5+/-4.5 NADH-D activity (optical density), taken = that of FOG neurons. Intermediate between SO and FG, soleus and tensor fasciae latae resp. (Sickles & Oblak).
• TIBIALIS POSTERIOR: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 43% FG, 45% FOG, 12% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• TIBIALIS POSTERIOR: CAT
  • 55 alpha motor axons, 85 gp. I fibers (Ia+Ib; suggest twice as many Ia as Ib. Boyd & Davey, 1966) 60 motor units, 31 spindles (21-39); 21 GTO. (Boyd & Davey, 1968)
  • 21-39 spindles, mean:31+/- 4. 39 spindles/gm muscle. (Chin et al., 1962)
  • 60% FG, 19% FOG, 21% SO fibers. 343 fibers, 1 animal. (Ariano et al., 1973)
  • 29.6%FF, 8.1%FI, 20.4%FR, 41.9%S motor units; 38.6%FF, 5.7%FI, 17.1%FR, 38.5%S muscle fibers. 2100-6500 fibers in each of 6 animals. Considered more reliable than Ariano et al. by authors.
  • Tetanic tension: 45.5-219.8 gm, 109.9+/-48.0 mean FF; 25.0-87.4 gm, 46.0+/-17.9 mean FI; 12.0-58.6 gm, 36.6+/-13.0 mean FR; 2.2-23.5 gm, 9.6+/-5.5 mean S.
  • Tw.Contr.Time: 23.0-39.6 ms , 30.4+/-4.1 mean FF; 28.8-42.8 ms, 34.5+/-5.7 mean FI; 23.0-47.6 ms, 34.1+/-5.3 mean FR; 33.6-76.2 ms, 47.5+/-9.0 mean S. (McDonagh et al., 1980)
• TIBIALIS POSTERIOR: RAT
  • 44% FG, 51% FOG, 5% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• TONGUE: CAT
  • Extrinsic m=those running partly outside tongue; intrinsic m= those entirely within tongue. Type II divided into II1 (highly glycolytic), II12 (intermediately glycolytic and lipolytic) and II123 (highly lipolytic).
  • Extrinsic: 19-25% type I, 75-81% II. Three subgroups of II in equal proportions of 22-30% total muscle fiber count. Pars longitudinalis sup. m. hypoglossi and pars long. inf. m. styloglossi had only II fibers, mainly II12 (67%, 46% resp.) (27 mu diam)
  • Intrinsic: Purely type II (23 mu). M. Verticalis had 83% II123, 10% II12, 6% II1. Transversus had 37% II1, 32% II12, 31% II123. (Hellstrand, 1980)
• TRAPEZIUS: MAN
  • 53.7% type I (27-77), 46.2% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• TRICEPS BRACHII: CAT
  • LATERAL HEAD
    • 63% FG fibers, 22% FOG fibers, 15% SO fibers
    • Contraction time, whole muscle: 32 MS
    • 1/2 relax. time, whole muscle: 29 ms
    • Fatigue index, whole muscle: -- (Collatos et al., 1977)
  • LONG HEAD
    • 57% FG fibers, 17% FOG fibers, 26% SO fibers
    • Contraction time, whole muscle: 29 ms
    • 1/2 relax. time, whole muscle: 35 ms
    • Fatigue index, whole muscle:0.33 (Collatos et al., 1977)
  • MEDIAL HEAD, ACCESSORY PORTION
    • 6% FG fibers, 14% FOG fibers, 80% SO fibers
    • Contraction time, whole muscle: 60 ms combined with inter. portion
    • 1/2 relax. time, whole muscle: 92 ms combined with inter. portion
    • Fatigue index, whole muscle: 0.76 combined with inter. portion (Collatos et al., 1977)
  • MEDIAL HEAD, INTERMEDIATE PORTION
    • 7% FG fibers, 6% FOG fibers, 87% SO fibers
    • Contraction time, whole muscle: see above
    • 1/2 relax. time, whole muscle: see above
    • Fatigue index, whole muscle: see above (Collatos et al., 1977)
  • MEDIAL HEAD, SHORT PORTION
    • 36% FG fibers, 29% FOG fibers, 35% SO fibers
    • Contraction time, whole muscle: not measured
    • 1/2 relax. time, whole muscle: not measured
    • fatigue index, whole muscle: not measured (Collatos et al., 1977)
• TRICEPS BRACHII: MAN
  • Surface: 32.5% type I (20-58), 67.5% type II fibers.
  • Deep: 32.7% type I (17-48), 19.6% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
  • 50% type A, 48% type B, 2% type C fibers in lateral head. Mitochondrial stain.
  • Twitch contraction time 44.5+/-9.5 ms. Small muscle fiber bundles; force measured w. needle in tendon. (Buchthal & Schmalbruch, 1970)
  • 520 spindles, 1.4/gm. (Matthews, 1972)
• VASTUS INTERMEDIUS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 12% FG, 47% FOG, 44% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS INTERMEDIUS: CAT
  • 0% FG, 2% FOG, 98% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS INTERMEDIUS: CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY
  • 6.33 gm muscle wt, n=2.
  • Deep: 0% FG, 0-6% FOG, 94-100% SO. Superficial: 0% FG, 17% FOG, 83% SO. (Acosta & Roy, 1987)
• VASTUS INTERMEDIUS: GUINEA PIG
  • 9% FG, 12% FOG, 79% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS INTERMEDIUS: RAT
  • 0% FG, 64% FOG, 36% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS INTERMEDIUS: SLOW LORIS
  • 26% FG, 8% FOG, 64% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS MEDIALIS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 80% FG, 20% FOG, 0% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS MEDIALIS: CAT
  • 69% FG, 18% FOG, 13% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS MEDIALIS: CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY
  • Muscle wt 8.14 gm, n=3.
  • Deep: FG (27,19,23%), FOG (9,6,11%), SO (64,75,66%) fibers.
  • Superficial: FG (55,55,70%), FOG (21,20,15%), SO (24,25,15%) fibers. (Acosta & Roy, 1987)
• VASTUS MEDIALIS: GUINEA PIG
  • 67% FG, 30% FOG, 3% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS MEDIALIS: MAN
  • Surface: 43.7% type I (32-49), 56.3% type II fibers.
  • Deep: 61.5% type I (54-79), 38.5% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• VASTUS MEDIALIS: RAT
  • 46% FG, 53% FOG, 1% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS MEDIALIS: SLOW LORIS
  • 33% FG, 5% FOG, 62% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS LATERALIS: LESSER BUSHBABY
  • 87% FG, 13% FOG, 0% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS LATERALIS: CAT
  • 56% FG, 17% FOG, 27% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS LATERALIS: CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY
  • Muscle wt. 32.8 gm, n=3.
  • Deep: FG (30,35,35%), FOG (5,4,7), SO (65,61,58%) fibers.
  • Superficial: FG (70,70,82), FOG (23,19,13), SO (7,11,5) fibers. (Acosta & Roy, 1987)
• VASTUS LATERALIS: GUINEA PIG
  • Red Vastus: 78% FOG, 18% FG, 4% SO fibers. Tw. Contr. Time 19 ms.
  • White Vastus: 29% FOG, 71% FG, 20% SO fibers. Tw. Contr Time 20 ms. (Peter et al., 1972. Also gives metabolic profiles.)
  • Red vastus: as in Peter, above. White vastus: 77% FG, 23% FOG, 0% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS LATERALIS: MAN
  • Surface: 37.8% type I (23-45), 67.3% type II fibers.
  • Deep: 46.9% type I (40-63), 53.1% type II fibers. (Johnson et al., 1973)
• VASTUS LATERALIS: RAT
  • 42% FG, 56% FOG, 2% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)
• VASTUS LATERALIS: SLOW LORIS
  • 30% FG, 7% FOG, 63% SO fibers. (Ariano et al., 1973)

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